"Organizing the Informal Sector: Notes from the Field," Paper presented as part of a panel session for an email conference sponsored by the Intenational Labour Office. April 2000.

"The Informal Economy". Encyclopedia of Political Economy. Phil O'Hara (Ed). Routledge, London & New York. 1998.
This brief article provides a definition and brief overview of the literature and issues involved in research dealing with the informal economy.

"States and Informal Economies". (Revised) General meeting of the American Sociological Association. Washington D.C. 8/11/90.
(This is a very early and rather general attempt to underline some of the issues involved in a political economy of informality from a macro-sociological perspective. One of these days I will radically rewrite it and get it published.)

"Informal Leverage and Informal Subsidies: Strategies for NGO's Working with the Informal Economy". Sustainable Development in Egypt: Current and Emerging Challenges. Proceedings of the Third Annual AUC Research Conference. Office of Graduate Studies and Research, The American University in Cairo. July 1996.
This article is really two articles, which some day will be separated and thoroughly revised. The first half compares the interest structure of informal with formal economic activity, arguing that this is the basis of the appearance of duality in the market place. The second half compares three approaches by which informal economic actors have mobilized--one autonomously in reaction to state pressure, and two in which outside NGO's have stimulated local organization.

"Entrepreneurship & Exploitation: Measuring Independence and Dependence in the Informal Economy," International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy. Vol 17, #1. 1997.
This article provides a model for measuring exploitation and entrepreneurship within the informal economy by focusing attention on their degree of independence from suppliers and clients. The model, however, can be adapted with other measures.